Czech J. Food Sci., 2025, 43(2):112-117 | DOI: 10.17221/91/2024-CJFS

Biocontamination in the dairy industry: The effect of raw milk conditioning film on the adhesion of Escherichia coliOriginal Paper

Zakariyae El hafa1, Ikhlas Hani Chennoufi1, Hafida Zahir1, Mostafa El louali1, Hassan Latrache1
1 Laboratory of Industrial and Surface Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco

Conditioning films on surfaces employed in the dairy industry serve as the precursors to the formation of pathogenic biofilms that impact product quality and consumer safety. Conditioning films have been studied from several aspects. However, there has been no study that evaluated the effect of raw milk conditioning film on the adhesion of Escherichia coli. This study investigated the adhesion of E. coli on glass and stainless-steel surfaces conditioned with raw milk and explored the surface properties potentially influencing this adhesion using the contact angle method. The results showed that after treating surfaces with raw milk, the adhesion of the bacteria on stainless steel and glass was significantly altered. Adhesion increased significantly on stainless steel (from 0.55 log10 to 2.8 log10) but it decreased on glass (from 1.56 log10 to 0.8 log10). Significant alterations were observed in the physicochemical properties of the surfaces. Glass was initially relatively hydrophilic (46.33°), while stainless steel was relatively hydrophobic (82.5°). After treatment, the glass became relatively more hydrophobic (74.6°), and stainless steel became relatively more hydrophilic (69.4°). The electron donor/acceptor components of glass decreased after the treatment, while these components increased for stainless steel. The significant changes in adhesion were hypothesized to be due to the modification of surface properties by the raw milk.

Keywords: dairy processing; bacterial adhesion; physicochemical properties; food safety; bacterial adhesion

Received: May 16, 2024; Revised: November 24, 2024; Accepted: November 25, 2024; Prepublished online: April 11, 2025; Published: April 30, 2025  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
El hafa Z, Chennoufi IH, Zahir H, El louali M, Latrache H. Biocontamination in the dairy industry: The effect of raw milk conditioning film on the adhesion of Escherichia coli. Czech J. Food Sci. 2025;43(2):112-117. doi: 10.17221/91/2024-CJFS.
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. Al-Makhlafi H., McGuire J., Daeschel M. (1994): Influence of preadsorbed milk proteins on adhesion of Listeria monocytogenes to hydrophobic and hydrophilic silica surfaces. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 60: 3560-3565. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    2. Alsteens D., Dague E., Rouxhet P.G., Baulard A.R., Dufrêne Y.F. (2007): Direct measurement of hydrophobic forces on cell surfaces using AFM. Langmuir, 23: 11977-11979. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    3. Assaidi A., Ellouali M., Latrache H., Mabrouki M., Timinouni M., Zahir H., Tankiouine S., Barguigua A., Mliji E.M. (2018): Adhesion of Legionella pneumophila on glass and plumbing materials commonly used in domestic water systems. International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 28: 125-133. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    4. Bodur T., Cagri-Mehmetoglu A. (2012): Removal of Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli O157: H7 biofilms on stainless steel using scallop shell powder. Food Control, 25: 1-9. Go to original source...
    5. Bremer P., Seale B., Flint S., Palmer J. (2009): Biofilms in dairy processing. In: Fratamico P.M., Annous B.A., Gunther N.W. (eds.): Biofilms in the Food and Beverage Industries. Woodhead Publishing Series in Food Science, Technology and Nutrition, Woodhead Publishing: 396-431. Go to original source...
    6. Bremer P.F., McQuillan S., James A. (2006): Laboratory scale Clean-In-Place (CIP) studies on the effectiveness of different caustic and acid wash steps on the removal of dairy biofilms. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 106: 254-262. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    7. Carrascosa C., Raheem D., Ramos F., Saraiva A., Raposo A. (2021): Microbial biofilms in the food industry - A comprehensive review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18: 2014. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    8. Gademann K. (2007): Cyanobacterial natural products for the inhibition of biofilm formation and biofouling. Chimia, 61: 373-377. Go to original source...
    9. George R., Vishwakarma V., Samal S., Mudali U.K. (2012): Current understanding and future approaches for controlling microbially influenced concrete corrosion: A review. Concrete Research Letters, 3: 491-506.
    10. Hamadi F., Asserne F., Elabed S., Bensouda S., Mabrouki M., Latrache H. (2014): Adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus on stainless steel treated with three types of milk. Food Control, 38: 104-108. Go to original source...
    11. Hood S.K., Zottola E.A. (1997): Adherence to stainless steel by foodborne microorganisms during growth in model food systems. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 37: 145-153. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    12. Khiyami M.A., Pometto A.L., Kennedy W.J. (2006): Ligninolytic enzyme production by Phanerochaete chrysosporium in plastic composite support biofilm stirred tank bioreactors. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 54: 1693-1698. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    13. Lakticova K.V., Vargova M., Sasáková N., Zigo F. (2020): Assessment of the hygiene level in the dairy processing plant. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences, 8: 174-180. Go to original source...
    14. Lindsay D., von Holy A. (2006): What food safety professionals should know about bacterial biofilms. British Food Journal, 108: 27-37. Go to original source...
    15. Loeb G.I., Neihof R.A. (1975): Marine conditioning films. In: Baier R.E. (ed.): Applied Chemistry at Protein Interfaces. USA, ACS Publications: 319-335. Go to original source...
    16. Lorite G.S., Rodrigues C.M., De Souza A.A., Kranz C., Mizaikoff B., Cotta M.A. (2011): The role of conditioning film formation and surface chemical changes on Xylella fastidiosa adhesion and biofilm evolution. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 359: 289-295. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    17. Merritt K., An Y.H. (2000): Factors influencing bacterial adhesion. In: An Y.H., Friedman R.J. (eds): Handbook of Bacterial Adhesion: Principles, Methods, and Applications, USA, Springer: 53-72. Go to original source...
    18. Mittelman M.W. (1998): Structure and functional characteristics of bacterial biofilms in fluid processing operations. Journal of Dairy Science, 81: 2760-2764. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    19. Mogha K.V., Shah N.P., Prajapati J.B., Chaudhari A.R. (2014): Biofilm - A threat to dairy industry. Indian Journal of Dairy Science, 67: 459-466. Go to original source...
    20. Rummel C.D., Lechtenfeld O.J., Kallies R., Benke A., Herzsprung P., Rynek R., Wagner S., Potthoff A., Jahnke A., Schmitt M. (2021): Conditioning film and early biofilm succession on plastic surfaces. Environmental Science & Technology, 55: 11006-11018. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    21. Szlavik J., Paiva D.S., Mørk N., van den Berg F., Verran J., Whitehead K., Knöchel S., Nielsen D.S. (2012): Initial adhesion of Listeria monocytogenes to solid surfaces under liquid flow. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 152: 181-188. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    22. Van Oss C.J., Chaudhury M.K., Good R.J. (1988): Interfacial Lifshitz-van der Waals and polar interactions in macroscopic systems. Chemical Reviews, 88: 927-941. Go to original source...
    23. Yang J., Mcguire J., Kolbe E. (1991): Use of the equilibrium contact angle as an index of contact surface cleanliness. Journal of Food Protection, 54: 879-884. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    24. Zeraik A.E., Nitschke M. (2010): Biosurfactants as agents to reduce adhesion of pathogenic bacteria to polystyrene surfaces: effect of temperature and hydrophobicity. Current Microbiology, 61: 554-559. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...

    This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY NC 4.0), which permits non-comercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.


    Return to the content