Czech J. Food Sci., 2023, 41(3):155-172 | DOI: 10.17221/180/2022-CJFS

Technological approaches applied in the design of gluten-free bakery productsReview

Rodica Siminiuc*, Dinu Țurcanu
Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Technologies, Technical University of Moldova, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova

Gluten-free (GF) bakery products differ significantly from standard wheat flour products, usually with inferior characteristics. To reproduce the visco-elastic properties of wheat flour dough, GF bread is balanced by complex formulations based on gluten-free flour and starches, including hydrocolloids. They must ensure maximum similarity with conventional products to reduce the resistance of final consumers to GF products. Identifying formulations or technologies that would help mimic the gluten matrix has been and remains the focus of research in GF product design. Most research focuses on ingredients. This study provides an overview of the various technological strategies in designing GF bakery products: technologies applied to cereals, flours, dough, and final products. The study could broaden the boundaries regarding developing, selecting, and using technologies to design GF products. It would also serve as a support for further research into the development of GF products, perhaps by leveraging local products and ingredients and adapting efficient, low-cost, environmentally friendly (including combined) technologies in such a way as to obtain products with high nutritional, rheological and organoleptic value.

Keywords: technological strategies; organoleptic indices; rheological properties; nutritional value

Accepted: April 21, 2023; Prepublished online: May 9, 2023; Published: June 29, 2023  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Siminiuc R, Țurcanu D. Technological approaches applied in the design of gluten-free bakery products. Czech J. Food Sci. 2023;41(3):155-172. doi: 10.17221/180/2022-CJFS.
Download citation

References

  1. Adebowale K.O., Afolabi T.A., Olu-Owolabi B.I. (2005): Hydrothermal treatments of Finger millet (Eleusine coracana) starch. Food Hydrocolloids, 19: 974-983. Go to original source...
  2. Adebowale K.O., Henle T., Schwarzenbolz U., Doert T. (2009): Modification and properties of African yam bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa Hochst. Ex A. Rich.) Harms starch I: Heat moisture treatments and annealing. Food Hydrocolloids, 23: 947-1957. Go to original source...
  3. Arribas C., Cabellos B., Sánchez C., Cuadrado C., Guillamón E., Pedrosa M.M. (2017): The impact of extrusion on the nutritional composition, dietary fiber and in vitro digestibility of gluten-free snacks based on rice, pea and carob flour blends. Food and Function, 8: 3654-3663. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  4. Atudorei D., Ungureanu-Iuga M., Codinã G.G., Mironeasa S. (2021): Germinated chickpea and lupin as promising ingredients for breadmaking-rheological features. Agronomy, 11: 2588. Go to original source...
  5. Banu I., Patraºcu L., Vasilean I., Horincar G., Aprodu I. (2020): Impact of germination and fermentation on rheological and thermo-mechanical properties of wheat and triticale flours. Applied Sciences, 10: 7635. Go to original source...
  6. Barak S., Mudgil D., Khatkar B.S. (2014): Effect of flour particle size and damaged starch on the quality of cookies. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 51: 1342-1348. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  7. Barcenas M., Rosell C. (2006): Effect of frozen storage time on the bread crumb and aging of par-baked bread. Food Chemistry, 95: 438-445. Go to original source...
  8. Batariuc A., Ungureanu-Iuga M., Mironeasa S. (2021): Effects of dry heat treatment and milling on sorghum chemical composition, functional and molecular characteristics. Applied Sciences, 11: 11881. Go to original source...
  9. Bender D., Gratz M., Vogt S., Fauster T., Wicki B., Pichler S., Kinner M., Jäger H., Schoenlechner R. (2019): Ohmic heating - A novel approach for gluten-free bread baking. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 12: 1603-1613. Go to original source...
  10. Biesiekierski J.R. (2017): What is gluten? Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 32: 78-81. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  11. Bouasla A., Wójtowicz A. (2021): Gluten-free rice instant pasta: Effect of extrusion-cooking parameters on selected quality attributes and microstructure. Processes, 9: 693. Go to original source...
  12. Bourekoua H., Benatallah L., Zidoune M.N., Rosell C.M. (2016): Developing gluten free bakery improvers by hydrothermal treatment of rice and corn flours. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 73: 342-350. Go to original source...
  13. Bourekoua H., Ró¿y³o R., Benatallah L., Wójtowicz A., £ysiak G., Zidoune M.N., Sujak A. (2018): Characteristics of gluten-free bread: Quality improvement by the addition of starches/hydrocolloids and their combinations using a definitive screening design. Journal European Food Research and Technology, 244: 345-354. Go to original source...
  14. Bourré L., Frohlich, P., Young G., Borsuk Y., Sopiwnyk E., Sarkar A., Nickerson M.T., Ai Y., Dyck A., Malcolmson L. (2019): Influence of particle size on flour and baking properties of yellow pea, navy bean, and red lentil flours. Cereal Chemistry, 96: 655-667. Go to original source...
  15. Caba B., Gardikiotis I., Topala I., Mihaila I., Mihai C.T., Luca C., Pasca S., Caba I.C., Dimitriu G., Huzum B., Serban I.L. (2022): Cold atmospheric plasma, platelet-rich plasma, and nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor: Effects investigation on an experimental model on rats. Applied Sciences, 12: 590. Go to original source...
  16. Calderón-Oliver M., Ponce-Alquicira E. (2022): The role of microencapsulation in food application. Molecules, 27: 1499. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  17. Cappa C., Lucisano M., Raineri A., Fongaro L., Foschino R., Mariotti M. (2016): Gluten-free bread: Influence of sourdough and compressed yeast on proofing and baking properties. Foods, 5: 69. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  18. Cappelli A., Oliva N., Cini E. (2020): A Systematic review of gluten-free dough and bread: Dough rheology, bread characteristics, and improvement strategies. Applied Sciences, 10: 6559. Go to original source...
  19. Chaple S., Sarangapani C., Jones J., Carey E., Causeret L., Genson A., Duffy B., Bourke P. (2020): Effect of atmospheric cold plasma on the functional properties of whole wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain and wheat flour. Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies, 66: 102529. Go to original source...
  20. Chemat F., Zill-e-Huma Khan M.K. (2011): Applications of ultrasound in food technology: Processing, preservation and extraction. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 18: 813-835. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  21. Chirsanova A., Reșitca V., Siminiuc R., Suhodol N., Popovici C., Deseatnicov O., Capcanari T., Gutium O., Covaliov E., Grosu C., Paladi D., Mija N., Coșciug L., Ciumac J. (2021): Innovative Food Products. Tehnica-UTM. Available at https://zenodo.org/record/5563412#.ZEqbPHZBys4 (accessed Feb 12, 2023).
  22. Chiº M.S., Pãucean A., Man S.M., Mureºan V., Socaci S.A., Pop A., Stan L., Rusu B., Muste S. (2020): Textural and sensory features changes of gluten free muffins based on rice sourdough fermented with Lactobacillus spicheri DSM 15429. Foods, 9: 363. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  23. Choi O.J., Jung H.N. (2021): Quality characteristics of bread prepared with pregelatinized rice flours of various cultivars. Korean Journal of Food Preservation, 28: 53-62. Go to original source...
  24. Choudhury N., Meghwal M., Das K. (2021): Microencapsulation: An overview on concepts, methods, properties and applications in foods. Food Frontiers, 2: 426-442. Go to original source...
  25. Chung H.-J., Liu Q., Hoover R. (2010): Effect of single and dual hydrothermal treatments on the crystalline structure, thermal properties, and nutritional fractions of pea, lentil, and navy bean starches. Food Research International, 43: 501-508. Go to original source...
  26. Ciudad-Mulero M., Vega E.N., García-Herrera P., Pedrosa M.M., Arribas C., Berrios J.D.J., Cámara M., Fernández-Ruiz V., Morales P. (2022): Extrusion cooking effect on carbohydrate fraction in novel gluten-free flours based on chickpea and rice. Molecules, 27: 1143. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  27. Conte P. (2019): Technological and nutritional challenges, and novelty in gluten-free breadmaking: A review. Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences, 69: 5-21. Go to original source...
  28. Cornejo F., Rosell C.M. (2015): Influence of germination time of brown rice in relation to flour and gluten free bread quality. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 52: 6591-6598. Coțovanu I., Mironeasa S. (2021): Impact of different amaranth particle sizes addition level on wheat flour dough rheology and bread features. Foods, 10: 1539. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  29. Coþovanu I., Mironeasa S. (2022): An evaluation of the dough rheology and bread quality of replacement wheat flour with different quinoa particle sizes. Agronomy, 12: 2271. Go to original source...
  30. Dapèeviæ-Hadnaðev T., Tomiæ J., ©krobot D., ©ariæ B., Hadnaðev M. (2022): Processing strategies to improve the breadmaking potential of whole-grain wheat and non-wheat flours. Discover Food, 2: 11. Go to original source...
  31. De la Hera E., Talegón M., Caballero P., Gómez M. (2013): Influence of maize flour particle size on gluten-free breadmaking: Effect of maize particle size on gluten-free bread. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 93: 924-932. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  32. Demirkesen I., Sumnu G., Sahin S. (2013): Quality of gluten-free bread formulations baked in different ovens. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 6: 746-753. Go to original source...
  33. Di C., Jinshui W., Feng J., Changfu Z. (2018): Effects of sourdough addition on the quality and shelf life of Chinese steamed bread. Grain & Oil Science and Technology, 1: 85-90. Go to original source...
  34. Ek P., Baner J.M., Ganjyal G.M. (2020): Extrusion processing of cereal grains, tubers, and seeds. In: Ganjyal G. (ed.): Extrusion Cooking. London, Elsevier: 225-263. Go to original source...
  35. El Khoury D., Balfour-Ducharme S., Joye I.J. (2018): A Review on the gluten-free diet: technological and nutritional challenges. Nutrients 10: 1410. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  36. Elgeti D., Jekle M., Becker T. (2015): Strategies for the aeration of gluten-free bread - A review. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 46: 75-84. Go to original source...
  37. Espinoza-Herrera J., Martínez L.M., Serna-Saldívar S.O., Chuck-Hernández C. (2021): Methods for the modification and evaluation of cereal proteins for the substitution of wheat gluten in dough systems. Foods, 10: 118. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  38. Fetouhi A., Benatallah L., Nawrocka A., Szymañska-Chargot M., Bouasla A., Tomczyñska-Mleko M., Zidoune M.N., Sujak A. (2019): Investigation of viscoelastic behaviour of rice-field bean gluten-free dough using the biophysical characterization of proteins and starch: A FT-IR study. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 56: 1316-1327. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  39. Fu J.-T., Chang Y.-H., Shiau S.-Y. (2015): Rheological, antioxidative and sensory properties of dough and Mantou (steamed bread) enriched with lemon fiber. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 61: 56-62. Go to original source...
  40. Fu Z., Che L., Li D., Wang L., Adhikari B. (2016): Effect of partially gelatinized corn starch on the rheological properties of wheat dough. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 66: 324-331. Go to original source...
  41. Gallo M., Ferrara L., Naviglio D. (2018): Application of ultrasound in food science and technology: A perspective. Foods, 7: 164. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  42. Gasparre N., Rosell C.M. (2019): Role of hydrocolloids in gluten free noodles made with tiger nut flour as non-conventional powder. Food Hydrocolloids, 97: 105194. Go to original source...
  43. Gerardo-Rodríguez J.E., Ramírez-Wong B., Ledesma-Osuna A.I., Medina-Rodríguez C.L., Ortega-Ramírez R., Silvas-García M.I. (2016): Management of freezing rate and trehalose concentration to improve frozen dough properties and bread quality. Food Science and Technology, 37: 59-64. Go to original source...
  44. Gerardo-Rodríguez J.E., Ramírez-Wong B., Torres-Chávez P.I., Ledesma-Osuna A.I., Carvajal-Millán E., López-Cervantes J., Silvas-García M.I. (2021): Effect of part-baking time, freezing rate and storage time on part-baked bread quality. Food Science and Technology, 41: 352-359. Go to original source...
  45. Gómez M., Martínez M.M. (2016): Changing flour functionality through physical treatments for the production of gluten-free baking goods. Journal of Cereal Science, 67: 68-74. Go to original source...
  46. Haghighat-Kharazi S., Milani J.M., Kasaai M.R., Khajeh K. (2018): Microencapsulation of α-amylase in beeswax and its application in gluten-free bread as an anti-staling agent. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 92: 73-79. Go to original source...
  47. Haghighat-Kharazi S., Reza Kasaai M., Milani J.M., Khajeh K. (2020). Antistaling properties of encapsulated maltogenic amylase in gluten-free bread. Food Science and Nutrition, 8: 5888-5897. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  48. Harasym J., Satta E., Kaim U. (2020): Ultrasound treatment of buckwheat grains impacts important functional properties of resulting flour. Molecules, 25: 3012. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  49. Hormdok R., Noomhorm A. (2007): Hydrothermal treatments of rice starch for improvement of rice noodle quality. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 40: 1723-1731. Go to original source...
  50. Horstmann S., Belz M., Heitmann M., Zannini E., Arendt E. (2016): Fundamental study on the impact of gluten-free starches on the quality of gluten-free model breads. Foods, 5: 30. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  51. Hu Q., He Y., Wang F., Wu J., Ci Z., Chen L., Xu R., Yang M., Lin J., Han L., Zhang D. (2021): Microwave technology: A novel approach to the transformation of natural metabolites. Chinese Medical Journal, 16: 87. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  52. Kawamura-Konishi Y., Shoda K., Koga H., Honda Y. (2013): Improvement in gluten-free rice bread quality by protease treatment. Journal of Cereal Science, 58: 45-50. Go to original source...
  53. Kovács A., Kolinka R., Kóczán G., Kókai Z. (2021): Evaluation of a gluten-free sourdough bakery product. Progress, 17: 37-44. Go to original source...
  54. Kutlu N., Pandiselvam R., Saka I., Kamiloglu A., Sahni P., Kothakota A. (2022): Impact of different microwave treatments on food texture. Journal of Texture Studies, 53: 709-736. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  55. Lee J.-H. (2010): Influence of buckwheat flour on physicochemical properties and consumer acceptance of steamed bread. Journal of Family Nursing, 15: 329-334. Go to original source...
  56. Lis D.M., Stellingwerff T., Shing C.M., Ahuja K.D.K., Fell J.W. (2015). Exploring the popularity, experiences, and beliefs surrounding gluten-free diets in nonceliac athletes. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 25: 37-45. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  57. Liu X., Mu, T., Sun H., Zhang M., Chen J., Fauconnier M.L. (2019): Effect of ingredients on the quality of gluten-free steamed bread based on potato flour. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 56: 2863-2873. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  58. Luiz R.O., Vanin F.M. (2022): Effect of straight dough X pre-fermented dough method on composite wheat breads characteristics. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 42: e64420. Go to original source...
  59. Lund M.N., Ray C.A. (2017): Control of Maillard reactions in foods: Strategies and chemical mechanisms. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 65: 4537-4552. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  60. Ma H., Liu M., Liang Y., Zheng X., Sun L., Dang W., Li J., Li L., Liu C. (2022): Research progress on properties of pre-gelatinized starch and its application in wheat flour products. Grain and Oil Science and Technology, 5: 87-97. Go to original source...
  61. Majzoobi M., Pesaran Y., Mesbahi G., Farahnaky A. (2016): Evaluation of the effects of hydrothermal treatment on rice flour and its related starch. International Journal of Food Properties, 19: 2135-2145. Go to original source...
  62. Malik A., Khamrui K., Prasad W. (2021): Effect of hydrothermal treatment on physical properties of amaranth, an underutilized pseudocereal. Future Foods, 3: 100027. Go to original source...
  63. Marston K., Khouryieh H., Aramouni F. (2016): Effect of heat treatment of sorghum flour on the functional properties of gluten-free bread and cake. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 65: 637-644. Go to original source...
  64. Masure H.G., Wouters A.G.B., Fierens E., Delcour J.A. (2019): Electrical resistance oven baking as a tool to study crumb structure formation in gluten-free bread. Food Research International, 116: 925-931. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  65. Mathobo V.M., Silungwe H., Ramashia S.E., Anyasi T.A. (2021): Effects of heat-moisture treatment on the thermal, functional properties and composition of cereal, legume and tuber starches - A review. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 58: 412-426. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  66. Matos M.E., Rosell C.M. (2015): Understanding gluten-free dough for reaching breads with physical quality and nutritional balance: Understanding gluten-free dough. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 95: 653-661. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  67. Matz S.A. (1992): Bakery Technology and Engineering. New York, Pan-Tech International: 740.
  68. Mollakhalili-Meybodi N., Yousefi M., Nematollahi A., Khorshidian N. (2021): Effect of atmospheric cold plasma treatment on technological and nutrition functionality of protein in foods. European Food Research and Technology, 247: 1579-1594. Go to original source...
  69. Mrak E.M., Stewart G.F., Chichester C.O. (1968): Advances in Food Research. New York, Academic Press: 460.
  70. Murgueytio E., Santacruz S. (2020): Volume, firmness and crumb characteristics of gluten-free bread based on extruded quinoa flour and lactic acid. Brazilian Journal of Food Technology, 23: e2019220. Go to original source...
  71. Naqash F., Gani A., Gani A., Masoodi F.A. (2017): Gluten-free baking: Combating the challenges - A review. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 66: 98-107. Go to original source...
  72. Naumenko N., Potoroko I., Kalinina I., Naumenko E., Ivanisova E. (2022): The effect of ultrasonic water treatment on the change in the microstructure of wheat grain, dough, and wheat flour bread. International Journal of Food Science, 2022: 1-11. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  73. Nkhata S.G., Ayua E., Kamau E.H., Shingiro J.B. (2018): Fermentation and germination improve nutritional value of cereals and legumes through activation of endogenous enzymes. Food Science and Nutrition, 6: 2446-2458. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  74. Offiah V., Kontogiorgos V., Falade K.O. (2019): Extrusion processing of raw food materials and by-products: A review. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 59: 2979-2998. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  75. Omary M.B., Fong C., Rothschild J., Finney P. (2012): Review: Effects of germination on the nutritional profile of gluten-free cereals and pseudocereals: A review. Cereal Chemistry Journal, 89: 1-14. Go to original source...
  76. Onyango C., Mutungi C., Unbehend G., Lindhauer M.G. (2011): Rheological and textural properties of sorghum-based formulations modified with variable amounts of native or pregelatinised cassava starch. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 44: 687-693. Go to original source...
  77. Ortolan F., Urbano K., Netto F.M., Steel C.J. (2022): Chemical and structural characteristics of proteins of non-vital and vital wheat glutens. Food Hydrocolloids, 125: 107383. Go to original source...
  78. Padalino L., Conte A., Del Nobile M. (2016): Overview on the general approaches to improve gluten-free pasta and bread. Foods, 5: 87. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  79. Paulik S., Paczkowski C., Laukemper R., Becker T., Jekle M. (2021): Texture design of gluten-free bread by mixing under controlled headspace atmosphere. European Food Research and Technology, 247: 2333-2343. Go to original source...
  80. Pérez-Quirce S., Ronda F., Lazaridou A., Biliaderis C.G. (2017): Effect of microwave radiation pretreatment of rice flour on gluten-free breadmaking and molecular size of β-glucans in the fortified breads. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 10: 1412-1421. Go to original source...
  81. Perraulta Lavanya J., Gowthamraj G., Sangeetha N. (2021): Effect of heat moisture treatment on the physicochemical, functional, and antioxidant characteristics of white sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) grains and flour. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation: 45. Go to original source...
  82. Pongjaruvat W., Methacanon P., Seetapan N., Fuongfuchat A., Gamonpilas C. (2014): Influence of pregelatinised tapioca starch and transglutaminase on dough rheology and quality of gluten-free jasmine rice breads. Food Hydrocolloids, 36: 143-150. Go to original source...
  83. Qin Y., Liu C., Jiang S., Cao J., Xiong L., Sun Q. (2016): Functional properties of glutinous rice flour by dry-heat treatment. PLoS ONE, 11: e0160371. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  84. Qin W., Lin Z., Wang A., Chen Z., He Y., Wang L., Liu L., Wang F., Tong L.T. (2021): Influence of particle size on the properties of rice flour and quality of gluten-free rice bread. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 151: 112236. Go to original source...
  85. Qin W., Xi H., Wang A., Gong X., Chen Z., He Y., Wang L., Liu L., Wang F., Tong L. (2022): Ultrasound treatment enhanced semidry-milled rice flour properties and gluten-free rice bread quality. Molecules, 27: 5403. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  86. Ramos L., Alonso-Hernando A., Martínez-Castro M., Morán-Pérez J.A., Cabrero-Lobato P., Pascual-Maté A., Téllez-Jiménez E., Mujico J.R. (2021): Sourdough biotechnology applied to gluten-free baked goods: Rescuing the tradition. Foods, 10: 1498. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  87. Ren Y., Linter B.R., Linforth R., Foster T.J. (2020): A comprehensive investigation of gluten free bread dough rheology, proving and baking performance and bread qualities by response surface design and principal component analysis. Food and Function, 11: 5333-5345. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  88. Romão B., Falcomer A.L., Palos G., Cavalcante S., Botelho R.B.A., Nakano E.Y., Raposo A., Shakeel F., Alshehri S., Mahdi W.A., Zandonadi R.P. (2021): Glycemic index of gluten-free bread and their main ingredients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Foods, 10: 506. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  89. Rondeau-Mouro C., Godfrin C., Cambert M., Rouillac J., Diascorn Y., Lucas T., Grenier D. (2019): Characterization of gluten-free bread crumb baked at atmospheric and reduced pressures using TD-NMR. Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry, 57: 649-660. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  90. Rosell C.M. (2011): The science of doughs and bread quality. In: Preedy V.R., Watson R.R., Patel V.B. (eds.): Flour and Breads and Their Fortification in Health and Disease Prevention. London, Academic Press: 3-14. Go to original source...
  91. Ruttarattanamongkol K., Wagner M.E., Rizvi S.S.H. (2011): Properties of yeast free bread produced by supercritical fluid extrusion (SCFX) and vacuum baking. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, 12: 542-550. Go to original source...
  92. Sadot M., Cheio J., Le-Bail A. (2017): Impact on dough aeration of pressure change during mixing. Journal of Food Engineering, 195: 150-157. Go to original source...
  93. Sajid Mushtaq B., Zhang W., Al-Ansi W., Ul Haq F., Rehman A., Omer R., Mahmood Khan I., Niazi S., Ahmad A., Ali Mahdi A., Al-Maqtari Q.A., Walayat N., Wang L. (2021): A critical review on the development, physicochemical variations and technical concerns of gluten free extrudates in food systems. Food Reviews International: 1-29. Go to original source...
  94. Schober T.J., Messerschmidt M., Bean S.R., Park S.H., Arendt E.K. (2005): Gluten-free bread from sorghum: Quality differences among hybrids. Cereal Chemistry Journal, 82: 394-404. Go to original source...
  95. Shanina O., Minchenko S., Gavrysh T., Sukhenko Y., Sukhenko V., Vasyliv V., Miedviedieva N., Mushtruk M., Stechyshyn M., Rozbytska T. (2020): Substantiation of basic stages of gluten-free steamed bread production and its influence on quality of finished product. Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences, 14: 189-201. Go to original source...
  96. Silva E.M.M. da, Ascheri J.L.R., Ascheri D.P.R. (2016): Quality assessment of gluten-free pasta prepared with a brown rice and corn meal blend via thermoplastic extrusion. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 68: 698-706. Go to original source...
  97. Silventoinen P., Rommi K., Holopainen-Mantila U., Poutanen K., Nordlund E. (2019): Biochemical and techno-functional properties of protein- and fibre-rich hybrid ingredients produced by dry fractionation from rice bran. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 12: 1487-1499. Go to original source...
  98. Siminiuc R. (2020): The influence of biotechnological strategies on nutritional aspect of bakery products. Journal of Engineering Science, 27: 216-224.
  99. Siminiuc R., Țurcanu D. (2020a): Certain aspects of nutritional security of people with gluten-related disorders. Journal of Food and Nutrition Research, 11: 1012-1031. Go to original source...
  100. Siminiuc R., Țurcanu D. (2020b): Impact of artisanal technologies on the quality indices of the cozonac. Food Systems, 3: 25-31. Go to original source...
  101. Siminiuc R., Coșciug L., Popescu L., Bulgaru V. (2012): The effect of dehulling and thermal treatment on the protein fractions in soryz (Sorghum oryzoidum) grains. Annals of the University Dunarea de Jos of Galati, Fascicle VI - Food Technology, 36: 97-103.
  102. Starek-Wójcicka A., Ró¿y³o R., Nied¼wied¼ I., Kwiatkowski M., Terebun P., Polak-Berecka M., Paw³at J. (2022): Pilot study on the use of cold atmospheric plasma for preservation of bread. Scientific reports, 12: 22003. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  103. Strieder M.M., Silva E.K., Meireles M.A.A. (2021): Advances and innovations associated with the use of acoustic energy in food processing: An updated review. Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, 74: 102863. Go to original source...
  104. Sun F., Xie X., Zhang Y., Duan J., Ma M., Wang Y., Qiu D., Lu X., Yang G., He G. (2020): Effects of cold jet atmospheric pressure plasma on the structural characteristics and immunoreactivity of celiac-toxic peptides and wheat storage proteins. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21: 1012. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  105. ©mídová Z., Rysová J. (2022): Gluten-free bread and bakery products technology. Foods, 11: 480. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  106. Tang M.C., Copeland L. (2007): Investigation of starch retrogradation using atomic force microscopy. Carbohydrate Polymers, 70: 1-7. Go to original source...
  107. Teotônio D. de O., Rodrigues S.M., Leoro M.G.V., Pereira P.A.P., Schmiele M. (2021): Potentialities of using cryoprotectants in gluten-free frozen dough and microwave baking as an emerging technology. Research, Society and Development, 10: e12410615674. Go to original source...
  108. Trappey E.F., Khouryieh H., Aramouni F., Herald T. (2015): Effect of sorghum flour composition and particle size on quality properties of gluten-free bread. Food Science and Technology International, 21: 188-202. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  109. Tuta ªimºek S. (2020): Evaluation of partial-vacuum baking for gluten-free bread: Effects on quality attributes and storage properties. Journal of Cereal Science, 91: 102891. Go to original source...
  110. Ulasevich S.A., Gusinskaia T.A., Semina A.D., Gerasimov A.A., Kovtunov E.A., Iakovchenko N.V., Orlova O.Y., Skorb E.V. (2020): Ultrasound-assisted fabrication of gluten-free dough for automatic producing dumplings. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 68: 105198. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  111. Vela A.J., Villanueva M., Solaesa Á.G., Ronda F. (2021): Impact of high-intensity ultrasound waves on structural, functional, thermal and rheological properties of rice flour and its biopolymers structural features. Food Hydrocolloids, 113: 106480. Go to original source...
  112. Villanueva M., Harasym J., Muñoz J.M., Ronda F. (2019): Rice flour physically modified by microwave radiation improves viscoelastic behavior of doughs and its bread-making performance. Food Hydrocolloids, 90: 472-481. Go to original source...
  113. Waziiroh E., Schoenlechner R., Jaeger H., Brusadelli G., Bender D. (2022): Understanding gluten-free bread ingredients during ohmic heating: Function, effect and potential application for breadmaking. European Food Research and Technology, 248: 1021-1034. Go to original source...
  114. Yano H. (2019): Recent practical researches in the development of gluten-free breads. npj Science of Food, 3: 7. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  115. Yildiz E., Sumnu G., Sahin S. (2019): Effects of microwave-assisted baking on quality of gluten-free cakes and breads. Cereal Foods World: 64.
  116. Zare L., Mollakhalili-Meybodi N., Fallahzadeh H., Arab M. (2022): Effect of atmospheric pressure cold plasma (ACP) treatment on the technological characteristics of quinoa flour. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 155: 112898. Go to original source...
  117. Zhang G., Xu Z., Gao Y., Huang X., Zou Y., Yang T. (2015): Effects of germination on the nutritional properties, phenolic profiles, and antioxidant activities of buckwheat: Germination improve buckwheat properties. Journal of Food Science, 80: H1111-H1119. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  118. Zhang L., Hu Y., Wang X., Abiola Fakayode O., Ma H., Zhou C., Xia A., Li Q. (2021): Improving soaking efficiency of soybeans through sweeping frequency ultrasound assisted by parameters optimization. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 79: 105794. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  119. Zhang M., Suo W., Deng Y., Jiang L., Qi M., Liu Y., Li L., Wang C., Zheng H., Li H. (2022): Effect of ultrasound-assisted dough fermentation on the quality of dough and steamed bread with 50% sweet potato pulp. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 82: 105912. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  120. Zhu F., Li H. (2019): Modification of quinoa flour functionality using ultrasound. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 52: 305-310. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  121. Ziobro R., Juszczak L., Witczak M., Korus J. (2016): Non-gluten proteins as structure forming agents in gluten free bread. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 53: 571-580. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY NC 4.0), which permits non-comercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.