Czech J. Food Sci., 2020, 38(1):11-19 | DOI: 10.17221/360/2018-CJFS

Chemical, microbial and antioxidant activity of Cola lepidota K. Schum fruitsOriginal Paper

Solomon Oranusi, Adeola Onibokun*, Oluwatoyosi Afolabi, Chineme Okpalajiaku, Anita Seweje, Bunmi Olopade, Yemisi Obafemi
Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria

This research was to investigate the chemical composition, antioxidant activity, and microbial profiles of Cola lepidota fruits. One hundred grams each of the fruit exocarp, mesocarp and endocarp were blended and analyses were carried out by the following standard methods. Active acidity and vitamin C contents were 5.5 and 6.34 mg 100 g-1 in endocarp, 4.5 and 14.39 mg 100 g-1 in mesocarp and 6.7 and 10.02 mg 100 g-1 for exocarp. Moisture and carbohydrate contents of 12.31 and 68.72% were in the mesocarp while protein and crude fibre contents of 8.13 and 26.18% were in the exocarp and endocarp. Iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) contents were 1.79, 0.27 and 0.57 mg 100 g-1 in exocarp while lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) were absent in the endocarp. Predominant isolates were Aspergillus niger, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus flavus, Bacillus, Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas species. C. lepidota had no antimicrobial effect against the tested organisms. Tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenols, coumarins and anthocyanins were present while alkaloids, quinolones, glycosides, steroids and cardiac glycosides were absent. The fruit was observed to have antioxidant property by hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity. This study presents C. lepidota as good for human consumption and can be exploited for animal feed production.

Keywords: Cola lepidota; microbial profile; antioxidant activity; chemical composition

Published: February 29, 2020  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Oranusi S, Onibokun A, Afolabi O, Okpalajiaku C, Seweje A, Olopade B, Obafemi Y. Chemical, microbial and antioxidant activity of Cola lepidota K. Schum fruits. Czech J. Food Sci. 2020;38(1):11-19. doi: 10.17221/360/2018-CJFS.
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. Abah K.A., Owolabi A.O., Oranusi S. (2017): Antimicrobial, phytochemical and antioxidant profile of wild fruits and seeds in Canaan land, Ota, Nigeria. Journal of Industrial Research and Technology, 6: 136-150.
    2. Ajayi A.A., Bibi O., Oniha M.I., Atolagbe O.M., Anosike S.O., Onibokun E.A. (2017): Studies on Staphylococcus aureus isolated from pimples. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 20: 350-354. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    3. Akhtar T., Rahman M.R., Biswas S., Perveen R.M., Alam S., Khanum F.A., Islam M.A., Biswas S., Keya C.A., Manirujjaman M. (2016): Identification of microbial contamination of popular fruits of Bangladesh and assessment the effects of alternative preservatives instead of formalin. American Journal of Microbiology Research, 4: 138-142.
    4. Alothman M., Bhat R., Karim A.A. (2009): Antioxidant capacity and phenolic content of selected tropical fruits from Malaysia, extracted with different solvents. Food Chemistry, 115: 785-788. Go to original source...
    5. Ashie I.N.A., Smith J.P., Simpson B.K., Haard N.F. (1996): Spoilage and shelf-life extension of fresh fish and shellfish. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 36: 87-121. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    6. Barth M., Thomas R.H., Hong Z., Frederick B. (2009): Microbiological spoilage of fruits and vegetables. In: Sperber W.H., Doyle M.P. (eds): Compendium of the Microbiological Spoilage of Foods and Beverages: Food Microbiology and Food Safety. Springer Science + Business Media, Berlin: 135-183. Go to original source...
    7. Bello M.O., Falade O.S., Adewusi S.R.A., Olawore N.O. (2008): Studies on the chemical compositions and antinutrients of some lesser known Nigeria fruits. African Journal of Biotechnology, 7: 3972-3979.
    8. Bhat R., Rai R.V., Karmin A. (2010): Mycotoxins in food and feed: present status and future concerns. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 9: 57-81. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    9. Das A.K., Rajkumar V., Dwivedi D.K. (2011): Antioxidant effect of curry leaf (Murraya koenigii) powder on quality of ground and cooked goat meat. International Food Research Journal, 18: 563-569.
    10. Ene-Obong H.N., Enugu G.I., Uwaegbute A.C. (2001): Determinants of health and nutritional status of rural Nigerian women. Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, 19: 320-330.
    11. Ene-Obong H.N., Okudu H.O., Asumugha U.V. (2016): Numonkey kola (Cola parchycarpa and Cola lepidota): an underutilised fruit. Food Chemistry, 193: 154-159. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    12. Eni A.O., Oluwawemitan I.A., Solomon O.U. (2010): Microbial quality of fruits and vegetables sold in Sango Ota, Nigeria. African Journal of Food Science, 4: 291-296.
    13. Enwa F.O., Omojate G.C., Jewo A.O., Eze C.O. (2014): Mechanisms of antimicrobial actions of phytochemicals against enteric pathogens - a review. Journal of Pharmaceutical, Chemical and Biological Sciences, 2: 77-85.
    14. Essien E.E., Peter N.S., Akpan S.M. (2015): Chemical composition and antioxidant property of two species of monkey kola (Cola rostrata and Cola lepidota K. Schum) extracts. European Journal of Medicinal Plants, 7: 31-37. Go to original source...
    15. Etonihu A.C., Adam H., Nweze N.O. (2013): Chemical analysis of some Nigerian species of Cola nitida, Cola acuminata and Garcinia cola. Proceedings of the 36th Annual Conference of Chemical Society of Nigeria (CSN): 313-317.
    16. Grivetti L.E., Ogle B.M. (2000): Value of traditional foods in meeting macro-and micronutrient needs: the wild plant connection. Nutrition Research Reviews, 13: 31-46. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    17. Hall J.N., Moore S., Harper S.B., Lynch J.W. (2009): Global variability in fruit and vegetable consumption. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 36: 402-409. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    18. Hasan M., Alam M.N., Wahed T.B., Sultana F., Jamiuddin A. (2012): In vitro antioxidant potential of the methanolic extract of Bacopa minnieri L. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 9: 285-292.
    19. Johari M.A., Khong H.Y. (2019): Total phenolic content and antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Pereskia bleo. Advances in Pharmacological Sciences, 2019: 1-4. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    20. Keser S., Celik S., Turkoglu I. (2012): Hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging and total antioxidant activity of Hawthorn. Chemistry Journal, 2: 9-12.
    21. Kefayati Z., Motamed S.M., Shojaii A., Noori M., Ghods R. (2017): Antioxidant activity and phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extract and subfractions of Euphorbia splendida Mobayen. Pharmacognosy Research, 9: 362-365. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    22. Khandaker M.M., Sarwar M.J., Mat N. (2015): Bioactive constituents, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of three cultivers of wax apple (Syzygium samarangense L.) fruits. Research Journal of Biotechnology, 10: 435-441.
    23. Khoo H.E., Azlan A., Kong K.W., Ismail A. (2016): Phytochemicals and medicinal properties of indigenous tropical fruits with potential for commercial development. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2016: ID 7591951. Go to original source...
    24. Lam S., Nguyen-Viet H., Tuyet-Hanh T.T., Nguyen-Mai H., Harper S. (2015): Evidence for public health risks of wastewater and excreta management practices in Southeast Asia: a scoping review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 12: 12863-12885. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    25. Miedes E., Lorences E.P. (2004): Apple (Malus domestica) and tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) fruits cell-wall hemicelluloses and xyloglucan degradation during Penicillium expansum infection. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 52: 7 957-7 963. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    26. Mritunjay S.K., Kumar V. (2015): Fresh farm produce as a source of pathogens: A review. Research Journal of Environmental Toxicology, 9: 59-70. Go to original source...
    27. Njoku O.V., Obi C. (2009): Phytochemical constituents of some selected medicinal plants. African Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry, 3: 228-233.
    28. Ogbu J.U., Umeokechukwu C.E. (2014): Aspects of fruit biology of three wild edible Monkey kola species fruits (Cola spp.: Malvaceae). Annual Research and Review in Biology, 4: 2007-2014. Go to original source...
    29. Okudu H.E., Ene-Obong H.N., Asumugha V.U. (2015): The chemical and sensory properties of juice developed from two varieties of monkey kola (Cola parchycarpa and Cola lepidota). African Journal of Food Science and Technology, 6: 149-155. Go to original source...
    30. Okudu H.O., Ene-Obong H.N. (2015): The chemical and sensory properties of jam developed from two varieties of monkey kola (Cola parchycarpa, Cola lepidota). American Journal of Food and Nutrition, 5: 16-22. Go to original source...
    31. Okudu H.O., Ene-obong H.N., Asumugha U.V., Umoh E.J. (2016): Evaluation of the nutrients and phytochemical composition of two varieties of monkey kola (Cola parchycarpa and Cola lepidota). Direct Research Journal of Agriculture and Food Science, 4: 320-325. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    32. Oranusi S. Nwachukwu C., Adekeye B.T., Dahunsi O.S., Adeyemi A.O. (2013): Microbial profile, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of some imported spices in Nigeria. European Journal of Experimental Biology, 3: 193-202.
    33. Osabor V.N., Bassey F.I., Ibe K.A. (2015): Chemical profile of the endocarp and exocarp of yellow monkey cola (Cola lepidota). Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 21: 33-39. Go to original source...
    34. Oyinlade O.C. (2014): Phytochemical and physicochemical analysis of three different types of apples. International Journal of Scientific Research and Reviews, 3: 67-78.
    35. Panche A.N., Diwan A.D., Chandra S.R. (2016): Flavonoids: an overview. Journal of Nutritional Science, 5(e47): 1-15. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    36. Ruch R.J., Cheng S.J., Klaunig J.F. (1989): Prevention of cytotoxicity and inhibition of intercellular communication by antioxidant catechins isolated from Chinese green tea. Carcinogenesis 1989, 10: 1003-1008. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    37. Sachdeva S., Sachdeva T.R., Sachdeva R. (2013): Increasing fruit and vegetable consumption: challenges and opportunities. Indian Journal Community Medicine, 38: 192-197. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    38. Stadlmayr B., Charrondiere U.R., Enujiugha V.N., Bayili R.G., Fagbohoun E.G., Samb B., Akinyele I. (2012): West African food composition table. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. 42-51.
    39. Swamy N.R., Samatha T., Rudroju S., Srinivas P. (2012): Quantification of total phenolic and total flavonoid contents in extracts of Oroxylum indicum L. Kurz. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 5: 177-179.
    40. Watanabe T. (2010): Pictorial Atlas of Soil and Seed Fungi: Morphologies of Cultural Fungi and Key to Species, 3th Ed. CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, FL, USA: 426
    41. WHO (2007): WHO monographs on selected medicinal plants, vol. 3. Available at http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/index/assoc/s14213e/s14213e.pdf (accessed March 30, 2017).
    42. Williams A., Bax N.J., Kloser R.J., Althaus F., Barker B., Keith G. (2009): Australia's deep-water reserve network: implications of false homogeneity for classifying abiotic surrogates of biodiversity. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 214-224. Go to original source...
    43. Xu A., Pahl D.M., Buchanan R.L., Micallef S. (2015): Comparing the microbiological status of pre- and postharvest produce from small organic production. Journal of Food Protection, 78: 1072-1080. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    44. Zhishen J., Mencheng T., Jianmming W. (1999): The determination of flavonoid contents in mulberry and their scavenging effects on superoxide radicals. Food Chemistry, 64, 555-559. Go to original source...

    This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY NC 4.0), which permits non-comercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.


    Return to the content