Czech J. Food Sci., 2016, 34(2):149-153 | DOI: 10.17221/220/2015-CJFS

Artificial sweeteners and the environmentFood Analysis, Food Quality and Nutrition

Klára Kobetičová, Klára Anna Mocová, Lucie Mrhálková, Zuzana Fryčová, Vladimír Kočí
Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Environmental Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic

Artificial sweeteners (aspartame, saccharin) were tested using the limit concentration (100 mg/l or 100 mg/kg). Model species were duckweed (Lemna minor), green algae (Desmodesmus subspicatus), mustard seeds (Sinapis alba), daphnids (Daphnia magna), lettuce seeds (Lactuca sativa), and potworm (Enchytraeus crypticus). The results indicated that aspartame had statistically negative effects on duckweed and both sweeteners on the reproduction of enchytraeids.

Keywords: aspartame; saccharin; toxicity

Published: April 30, 2016  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Kobetičová K, Mocová KA, Mrhálková L, Fryčová Z, Kočí V. Artificial sweeteners and the environment. Czech J. Food Sci. 2016;34(2):149-153. doi: 10.17221/220/2015-CJFS.
Download citation

References

  1. Amorim M.J.B., Novais S., Römbke J., Soares A.M.V.M. (2008): Avoidance test with Enchytraeus albidus (Enchytraeidae): Effects of different exposure time and soil properties. Environmental Pollution, 155: 112-116. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  2. Čopíková J., Moravcová J., Wimmer Z., Opletal L., Lapčík O., Drašar P. (2013): Náhradní sladidla. Chemické listy, 107: 867-874.
  3. Furia T. E. (1980): CRC Handbook of Food Additives. 2nd Ed. Boca Raton, CRC Press: 197.
  4. Gan Z., Sun H., Feng B., Wang R., Zhang Y. (2013a): Occurrence of seven artificial sweeteners in the aquatic environment and precipitation of Tianjin, China. Water Research, 47: 4928-4937. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  5. Gan Z., Sun H., Wang R., Feng B. (2013b): A novel solidphase extraction for the concentration of sweeteners in water and analysis by ion-pair liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A, 1274: 87-96. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  6. Horemans N., Van Hess M., Van Hoeck A., Saenen E., De Meutter T., Nauts R., Blust R., Vandenhove H. (2015): Uranium and cadmium provoke different oxidative stress responses in Lemna minor L. Plant Biology, 17 (Suppl. 1): 91-100. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  7. Kirk A.M. (2010): Photochemical fate of the artificial sweetener sucralose in the environment. [Thesis.] University of North Carolina Wilmington in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina Wilmington.
  8. Kobetičová K., Fryčová Z. (2014): Jak kroužkovcům chutnají umělá sladidla? In: Pouzar M. (ed.): Průmyslová toxikologie a ekotoxikologie, May 5-7, 2014, Kouty nad Desnou, Univerzita Pardubice and VUOS, s.r.o., Czech Republic.
  9. Kokotou M.G., Asimakopoulos A.G., Thomaidis N. (2012): Artificial sweeteners as emerging pollutants in the environment: analytical methodologies and environmental impact. Analytical Methods, 4: 3057-3070. Go to original source...
  10. MŽP ČR (2007): Metodický pokyn odboru odpadů ke stanovení ekotoxicity odpadů. Prague.
  11. OECD 201 (2011): Alga, growth inhibion test. Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals No. 201 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris.
  12. OECD 202 (2004): Daphnia s.p. acute immobilisation test. Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals No. 202. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris.
  13. OECD 208 (2003): Terrestrial plants, growth test. Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, No. 208. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris.
  14. OECD 220 (2004): Enchytraeid reproduction test. Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, No. 220. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris.
  15. OECD 221 (2006): Lemna sp. growth inhibition test. Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, No. 221. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris.
  16. Perkola N., Sainio P. (2014): Quantification of four artificial sweeteners in Finnish surface waters with isotopedilution mass spectrometry. Environmental Pollution, 184: 391-396. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  17. Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008 on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures, amending and repealing Directives 67/548/EEC and 1999/45/EC, and amending Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006, Supplement No. 1: 353.
  18. Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 - REACH - the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) and establishing a European Chemicals Agency.
  19. Renwick A.G., Thompson J.P., O'Shaughnessy M., Walter E.J. (2004): The metabolism of cyclamate to cyclohexylamine in humans during long-term administration. Toxicology and Applicated Pharmacology, 196: 367-380. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  20. Smrčková Š., Bindzar J. (2014): Náhradní sladidla jako poputanty vody. Chemické listy, 108: 1125-1132.
  21. Spoelstra J., Schiff S.L., Brown S.J. (2013): Artificial sweeteners in a largecanadian river reflect human consumption in the watershed. PLoS ONE 8(12): e82706. doi: 10.1371 /journal.pone.0082706. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  22. Van Stempvoort D.R, Roy J.W., Brown S.J., Bickerton G. (2011): Artificial sweeteners as potential tracers in groundwater in urban environments. Journal of Hydrology, 401: 126-133. Go to original source...
  23. Velíšek J., Hajšlová J. (2009): Chemie potravin 2. OSSIS: Havlíčkův Brod.
  24. Wolf L., Zwiener C., Zemann M. (2012): Tracking artificial sweeteners and pharmaceuticals introduced into urban groundwater by leaking sewer networks. Science of Total Environment, 430: 8-19. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY NC 4.0), which permits non-comercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.