Czech J. Food Sci., 2013, 31(1):55-65 | DOI: 10.17221/107/2012-CJFS

Isotachophoretic determination of glucosamine and chondroitin sulphate in dietary supplementsOriginal Paper

Eliška VÁCLAVÍKOVÁ, František KVASNIČKA
Department of Food Preservation, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic

Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate, components of normal cartilage, are used as ingredients in dietary supplements intended to treat osteoarthritis and/or to support joint health. Of concern is the documented lack of quality in many of the marketed products. We present here a capillary isotachophoretic method for the determination of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate in dietary supplements. Cationic analysis of glucosamine was performed with a leading electrolyte consisting of 10mM NH4OH + 20mM acetic acid. As the leading electrolyte for anionic analysis of chondroitin sulphate, a mixture of 5mM HCl + 10mM glycylglycine + 0.05% of 2-hydroxyethylcellulose was used. The solution of 10mM citric acid served as the terminating electrolyte for both glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate analyses. The analytes were detected by conductivity and UV detectors. The characteristics of the method,, i.e., linearity, accuracy, repeatability, and quantitation limit, were evaluated. On a set of 35 samples of marketed dietary supplements did we prove that the capillary isotachophoresis is a suitable method for the routine analysis of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate.

Keywords: capillary isotachophoresis; nutraceuticals; food analysis

Published: February 28, 2013  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
VÁCLAVÍKOVÁ E, KVASNIČKA F. Isotachophoretic determination of glucosamine and chondroitin sulphate in dietary supplements. Czech J. Food Sci. 2013;31(1):55-65. doi: 10.17221/107/2012-CJFS.
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. Adebowale A.O., Cox D.S., Liang Z., Eddington N.D. (2000): Analysis of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate content in marketed products and the Caco-2 permeability of chondroitin sulfate raw materials. Journal of the American Nutraceutical Association, 3: 37-44. Go to original source...
    2. Barnhill J.G., Fye C.L., Williams D.W., Reda D.J., Harris C.L., Clegg D.O. (2006): Chondroitin product selection for the glucosamine/chondroitin arthritis intervention trial. Journal of the American Pharmacists Association, 46: 14-24. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    3. Bitter T., Muir H.M. (1962): A modified uronic acid carbazole reaction. Analytical Biochemistry, 4: 330-334. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    4. Blaskó A., Bunton C.A., Bunel S., Ibarra C., Moraga E. (1997). Determination of acid dissociation constants of anomers of amino sugars by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Carbohydrate Research, 298, 163-172. Go to original source...
    5. Bruyere O., Pavelka K., Rovati, L.C., Gatterová J., Giacovelli G., Olejárová M., Deroisy R., Reginster J.Y. (2008): Total joint replacement after glucosamine sulphate treatment in knee osteoarthritis: results of a mean 8-year observation of patients from two previous 3-year, randomized, placebo-controlled trials. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 16: 254-260. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    6. Choi D.W., Kim M.J., Kim H.S., Chang S.H., Jung G.S., Shin K.Y., Chang S.Y. (2003): A size-exclusion HPLC method for the determination of sodium chondroitin sulphate in pharmaceutical preparations. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 31: 1229-1236. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    7. Chondroitin sulphate sodium (2006). European Pharmacopoeia. 5th Ed. 4206-4208.
    8. El-Saharty Y.S., Bary A.A. (2002): High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of neutraceuticals, glucosamine sulphate and chitosan, in raw materials and dosage forms. Analytica Chimica Acta, 462: 125-131. Go to original source...
    9. Esters V., Angenot L., Brandt V., Frédérich M., Tits M., Van Nerum C., Wauters J.N., Hubert P. (2006): Validation of a high-performance thin-layer chromatography/densitometry method for the quantitative determination of glucosamine in a herbal dietary supplement. Journal of Chromatography A, 1112: 156-164. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    10. Grøndhal F., Tveit H., Akslen-Hoel L.K., Prydz K. (2011): Easy HPLC-based separation and quantitation of chondroitin sulphate and hyaluronan disaccharides after chondroitinase ABC treatment. Carbohydrate Research, 346: 50-57. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    11. International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) of Technical Requirements for the Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (1995): Validation of Analytical Procedures. ICH-Q2A, Geneva.
    12. International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) of Technical Requirements for the Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (1996): Validation of Analytical Procedures: Methodology. ICH-Q2B, Geneva.
    13. Jacyno M., Thrall C. (2004): A high sensitivity HPLC assay for glucosamine using evaporative light scattering detection. LC-GC North America, 22 (Suppl): 49.
    14. Jackson C.G., Plaas A.H., Sandy J.D., Hua C., KimRolands S., Barnhill J.G., Harris C.L., Clegg D. O. (2010): The human pharmacokinetics of oral ingestion of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate taken separately or in combination. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 18: 297-302. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    15. Jáč P., Los P., Spáčil Z., Pospíšilová M., Polášek M. (2008): Fast assay of glucosamine in pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals by capillary zone electrophoresis with contactless conductivity detection. Electrophoresis, 29: 3511-3518. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    16. Jin P., Ma J., Wu X., Zou D., Sun C., X. Hu X. (2009): Simultaneous determination of chondroitin sulfate sodium, allantoin and pyridoxine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical eye drops by an ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 50: 293-297. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    17. Kaniansky D., Marák J., Masár M., Iványi F., Madajová V., Šimuničová E., Zelenská V. (1997): Capillary zone electrophoresis in a hydrodynamically closed separation system with enhanced sample loadability. Journal of Chromatography A, 772: 103-114. Go to original source...
    18. Karamanos N.K., Axelsson S., Vanky P., Tzanakakis G.N., Hjerpe A. (1995): Determination of hyaluronan and galactosaminoglycan disaccharides by high-performance capillary electrophoresis at the attomole level. Applications to analyses of tissue and cell culture proteoglycans. Journal of Chromatography A, 696: 295-305. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    19. Liang Z., Leslie J., Adebowale A., Ashraf M., Eddington N.D. (1999): Determination of the nutraceutical, glucosamine hydrochloride, in raw materials, dosage forms and plasma using pre-column derivatization with ultraviolet HPLC. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 20: 807-814. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    20. Malavaki C.J., Asimakoupolou A.P., Lamari F.N., Theocharis A.J., Tzanakakis G.N., Karamanos N.K. (2008): Capillary electrophoresis for the quality control of chondroitin sulfates in raw materials and formulations. Analytical Biochemistry, 374: 213-220. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    21. Messier S.P., Mihalko S., Loeser R.F., Legault C., Jolla J., Pfruender J., Prosser B., Adrian A, Williamson J.D. (2007): Glucosamine/chondroitin combined with exercise for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a preliminary study. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 15: 1256-1266. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    22. Mojarrad J.C., Nemati M., Valizahed H., Ansarin M., Bourbour S. (2007): Preparation of glucosamine from exoskeleton of shrimp and predicting production yield by response surface methodology. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 55: 2246-2250. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    23. Okamota H., Nakajima T., Ito Y., Shimada K., Yamato S. (2004): Development of a novel analytical method for determination of chondroitin sulfate using an in-capillary enzyme reaction. Journal of Chromatography A, 1035: 137-144. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    24. Qi L., Zhang S.F., Chen M.Y. (2006): Capillary electrophoretic determination of glucosamine in osteoarthritis tablets via microwave-accelerated dansylation. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 41: 1620-1624. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    25. Saito H., Yamagata T., Suzuki S. (1968): Enzymatic methods for the determination of small quantities of isomeric chondroitin sulfates. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 243: 1536-1542. Go to original source...
    26. Schiraldi C., Ciminin D., de Rosa M. (2010): Production of chondroitin sulfate and chondroitin. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 87: 1209-1220. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    27. Shao Y., Alluri R., Mummert M., Koetter U., Lech S. (2004): A stability-indicating HPLC method for the determination of glucosamine in pharmaceutical formulations. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 35: 625-631. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    28. Sim J.S., Jun G., Toida T., Cho S.Y., Choi D.W., Chang S.Y., Lindhardt R.J., Kim, Y.S. (2005): Quantitative analysis of chondroitin sulfate in raw materials, ophthalmic solutions, soft capsules and liquid preparations. Journal of Chromatography B, 818: 133-139. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    29. Toida T., Shima M., Azumaya S., Maruyama T., Toyoda, H., Imanari T., Linhardt R.J. (1997): Detection of glycosaminoglycans as a copper(II) complex in highperformance liquid chromatography. Journal of Chromatography A, 787: 266-270. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    30. Tommeraas K., Wahlund P.O. (2009): Poly-acid properties of biosynthetic hyaluronan studied by titration. Carbohydrate Polymers, 77: 194-200. Go to original source...
    31. Volpi N. (2009): Quality of different chondroitin sulfate preparations in relation to their therapeutic activity. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 61: 1271-1280. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    32. Wu Y., Hussain M., Fassihi R. (2005): Development of a simple analytical methodology for determination of glucosamine release from modified release matrix tablets. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 38: 263-269. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    33. Zhang Z., Youmie Park Y., Kemp M. M., Zhao W., Im A., Shaya D., Cygler M., Kim Y. S., Linhardt R.J. (2009): LC-MS to study chondroitin lyase action pattern. Analalytical Biochemistry, 385: 57-64. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...

    This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY NC 4.0), which permits non-comercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.


    Return to the content