Czech J. Food Sci., 2011, 29(10):S1-S10 | DOI: 10.17221/319/2011-CJFS

Antimicrobial factors effects on biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus

Sabina Purkrtová1, Jana Babulíková1, Renáta Karpíšková2, Kateřina Demnerová1, Jarmila Pazlarová1
1 Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
2 National Institute of Public Health Prague, Brno, Czech Republic

We determined the disinfectant effects of benzalkonium chloride (BC) and Savo (SV), a chlorine compound, on the biofilm and planktonic cells in 23 strains S. aureus mainly food isolates. The biofilm formation was performed in a model system using microtiter polystyrene plates COSTAR 3797 in trypton-soy broth with 1% glucose at 30°C. Benzalkonium chloride (BC) at 125 mg/l, applied directly on 24 h old biofilm, was able to remove the biofilm matrix in 21 strains, and to stop the reproduction of the biofilm cells in 23 strains. BC at the concentration of 125 mg/l was lethal to planktonic cells, coincubated for 24 h or treated for 10 minutes. None of the strains studied was able to grow in SV at 1X recommended concentration, while the safety lethal concentration for planktonic cells treated for 10 min was 4X. The application of 4X concentration SV into the 24 h old suspension removed the biofilm matrix in all strains and devitalised the biofilm cells in 10 strains and inhibited the viability in 13 strains by 70%.

Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus; biofilm; planktonic cells; disinfectants; benzalkonium chloride; Savo

Published: December 31, 2011  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Purkrtová S, Babulíková J, Karpíšková R, Demnerová K, Pazlarová J. Antimicrobial factors effects on biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus. Czech J. Food Sci. 2011;29(Special Issue):S1-10. doi: 10.17221/319/2011-CJFS.
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. Bednář M., Fraňková V., Schindler J., Souček A., Vávra J. (1999): Lékařská mikrobiologie. Marvil, Praha.
    2. Beenken K.E., Dunman P.M., McAleese F., Macapagal D., Murphy E., Projan S.J., Blevins J.S., Smeltzer M.S. (2004): Global gene expression in Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. The Journal of Bacteriology, 186: 4665-4684. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    3. Bhunia A.K. (2008): Foodborne Microbial Pathogens. Springer, New York.
    4. Blaschek H.P., Wang H.H., Agle M.E. (2007): Biofilms in the Food Environment. Willey-Blackwell, Ames.
    5. Chaieb K., Zmantar T., Souiden Y., Mahdouani K., Bakhrouf A. (2011): XTT assay for evaluating the effect of alcohols, hydrogen peroxide and benzalkonium chloride on biofilm formation of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Microbial Pathogenesis, 50: 1-5. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    6. Das J., Jones M., Bhakoo M., Gilbert P. (1998) Rapid changes in biocide susceptibility of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli associated with attachment to surfaces and biofilm formation. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 84: 852-858. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    7. Djordjevic D., Wiedman M., McLandsborough L.A. (2002): Microtiter plate assay for assessment of Listeria monocytogenes biofilm formation. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 68: 2950-2958. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    8. Eginton P.J., Holah J., Allison D.G., Handley P.S., Gilbert P. (1998): Changes in the strength of attachment of micro-organisms to surfaces following treatment with disinfectants and cleansing agents. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 27: 101-105. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    9. Estrela C., Estrela C.R., Barbin E.L., Spanó J.C., Marchesan M.A., Pécora J.D. (2002): Mechanism of action of sodium hypochlorite. Brazilian Dental Journal, 13: 113-117. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    10. Flemming H.C., Neu T.R., Wozniak D.J. (2007): The EPS matrix: The "House of biofilm cells". Journal of Bacteriology, 189: 7945-7947. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    11. Gilbert P., Moore L.E. (2005): Cationic antiseptics: diversity of action under a common epithet. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 99: 703-715. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    12. Hausner M., Wuertz S. (1999): High rates of conjugation in bacterial biofilms as determined by quantitative in-situ analysis. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 65: 3710-3713. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    13. Heilmann C., Thumm G., Chhatwal G.S., Hartleib J., Uekotter A., Peters G.(2003): Identification and characterization of a novel autolysin (Aae) with adhesive properties from Staphylococcus epidermidis. Microbiology, 149: 2769-2778. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    14. Houari A., Di Martino P. (2007): Effect of chlorhexidine and benzalkonium chloride on bacterial biofilm formation. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 45: 652-656. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    15. Huang C.T., Yu F.P., McFeters G.A., Stewart P.S. (1995): Non-uniform spatial patterns of respiratory activity within biofilms during disinfection. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 61: 2252-2256. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    16. Keren I., Kaldalu N., Spoering A., Wang Y., Lewis K. (2004): Persister cells and tolerance to antimicrobials. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 230: 13-18. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    17. Kong K.F., Vuong C., Otto M. (2006): Staphylococcus quorum sensing in biofilm formation and infection. International Journal of Medical Microbiology, 296: 133-139. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    18. Lindsay, D., von Holy A. (1997): Evaluation of dislodging methods for laboratory-grown bacterial biofilms. Food Microbiology, 22: 285-307. Go to original source...
    19. Mack D., Fischer W., Krokotsch A., Leopold K., Hartmann R., Egge H., Laufs R. (1996): The intercellular adhesin involved in biofilm accumulation of Staphylococcus epidermidis is a linear beta-1,6-linked glucosaminoglycan: purification and structural analysis. Journal of Bacteriology, 178: 175-183. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    20. Marino M., Frigo F., Bartolomeoli I., Maifreni M. (2010): Safety-related properties of staphylococci isolated from food and food environments. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 110: 550-561. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    21. Miller M.B., Bassler B.L. (2001): Quorum sensing in bacteria. Annual Review of Microbiology, 55: 165-199. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    22. Otto M. (2008): Staphylococcal biofilms. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, 322: 207-228. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    23. Poulsen V.L.(1999): Microbial biofilm in food processing. Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft und -Technologie, 32: 321-326. Go to original source...
    24. Purkrtová S., Turoňová H., Pilchová T., Demnerová K., Pazlarová J. (2010): Resistance of Listeria monocytogenes biofilms to disinfectants. Czech Journal of Food Sciences, 28: 326-332. Go to original source...
    25. Stewart P.S., Rayner J., Roel F., Rees W.M. (2001): Biofilm penetration and disinfection efficcacy of alkaline hypochlorite and chlorosulfamates. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 91: 525-532. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    26. Toté K., Horemans D., Vanden Berghe D., Maes L., Cos. P. (2010): Inhibitory effect of biocides on the viable Masses and matrices of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 76: 3135-3142. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    27. Van Houdt R., Michiels C.W. (2010): Biofilm formation and the food industry, a focus on the bacterial outer surface. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 109: 1117-1131. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    28. Yao Y., Sturdevant D.E., Otto M. (2005): Genomewide analysis of gene expression in Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms: insights into the pathophysiology of S. epidermidis biofilms and the role of phenol-soluble modulins in formation of biofilms. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 191: 289-298. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    29. Xu X., Stewart P.S., Chen X. (1996): Transport limitation of chlorine disinfection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa entrapped in alginate beads. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 49: 93-100. Go to original source...

    This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY NC 4.0), which permits non-comercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.


    Return to the content