Czech J. Food Sci., 2011, 29(6):610-615 | DOI: 10.17221/237/2009-CJFS

Microbial transformation of citral by Aspergillus niger-PTCC 5011 and study of the pathways involved

Akbar Esmaeili1, Shamila Rohany1, Shila Safaiyan1, Seyed Amir Zarei2
1 Department of Chemical Engineering, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Biology, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran

Citronellol and hydroxy citronellal are fragrance ingredients used in decorative cosmetics and fine fragrances. They have many applications in flavourings, extracts, foods, and drugs manufacturing. Their use worldwide is in the range exceeding 1000 metric tons per annum. Previous studies investigated the biotransformation of citral by the free cell method and immobilised cell method with Saccharomyces cerevisae. In this research, the microbial transformation of citral by the sporulated surface cultures method with Aspergillus niger-PTCC 5011 was studied. In experiments, A. niger was inoculated on solid media in conical flasks. The transformation took place for the periods of time of 6 days and 15 days. The results were analysed by the theoretical study, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gas chromatography, and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. The major compounds produced in 6 days were acetone (26.2%) and hydroxy citronellal (37.0%), while the major compounds after the 15-day period were acetone (15.0%) and citronellol (36.0%). As citronellol has numerous commercial applications, the 15-day biotransformation period was found to be preferable.

Keywords: biotransformation; bioconversion; Aspergillus niger; fungi; citronellol

Published: December 31, 2011  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Esmaeili A, Rohany S, Safaiyan S, Zarei SA. Microbial transformation of citral by Aspergillus niger-PTCC 5011 and study of the pathways involved. Czech J. Food Sci. 2011;29(6):610-615. doi: 10.17221/237/2009-CJFS.
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. Abul-Hajj Y.J., Qian X. (1986): Transformation of steroids by algae. Journal of Natural Products, 42: 244-248. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    2. Adams R.P. (2001): Identification of Essential Oil Components by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy. Allured Publishing, Carol Stream.
    3. Chen F.C., Chenm C.F., Wei R.D. (1982): Acute toxicity of PR toxin, a mycotoxin from Penicillium roqueforti. Toxicology, 20: 433-431. Demyttenaere J.C.R., Herrera C.M., De Kimpe N. (2000): Biotransformation of geraniol, nerol and citral by sporulated surface cultures of Aspergillus niger and Penicillium sp. Phytochemistry, 55: 363-373. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    4. Demyttenaere J.C.R., De Pooter H.L. (1998): Biotransformation of citral and nerol by spores of Penicillium digitatum. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 13: 1029-1036. Go to original source...
    5. Esmaeili A., Hoseiny Zarea A., Sharafian S., Safaiyan S., Rustaiyan A. (2009a): Biotransformation of menthol by sporulated surface cultures of Penicillium sp. and study of the pathways involved. Herba Poloinica, 55: 110-116. Go to original source...
    6. Esmaeili A., Saad N., Sharafian S., Rustaiyan A. (2009b): Biotransformation of (-)-menthol by spores of Mucor ramannianus and study of the pathways involved. Herba Poloinica, 56: 26-28.
    7. Esmaeili A., Sharafian S., Safaiyan S., Rezazadeh S., Rustaiyan A. (2009c): Biotransformation of one monoterpene by sporulated surface cultures of Aspergillus niger and Penicillium sp. Natural Product Research, 23: 1058-1061. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    8. Fran R.K., Orth R., Ivankovic S., Kuhmann M., Schmahl D. (1977): Investigations on carcinogenic effects of Penicillium caseicolum and P. roqueforti in rats. Experentia, 33: 515-516. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    9. Goto K. (1967): Biochemical degradation of geraniol by Aspergillus niger. Obihiro hikusandaiagaku Gakujutsu Kenkyu Hokoku, 4: 489-496. Cited in Chemical Abstracts (1968): 68: 19904y.
    10. Jirage K.B., Martin C.R. (1999): New developments in membrane-based chemical separations. Trends in Biotechnology, 17: 197-200. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    11. Larroche C., Arpah M., Gros J.B. (1989): Methylketone by Caalginate/Eudrasit RL entrapped spores of Penicillium roqueforti. Enzymeic Microbiology Technology, 11: 106-112. Go to original source...
    12. Larroche C., Gros J. B. (1989): Batch and continuous heptanone production Caalginate/Eudrasit RL entrapped spores of Penicillium roqueforti application to aroma production. Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 34: 30-38. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    13. Leuenberger H.G.W. (1984): Methodology. In: Kieslich K., Rehm, H.J., Reed G. (eds): Biotransformations. Verlag Chemie GmbH, Weinheim: 5-30.
    14. Madyastha K.M., Krishna Murthy N.S.R. (1988a): Transformation of acetates of citronellol, geraniol, and linalool by Aspergillus niger regiospecific hydroxylation of citronellol by a cell-free system. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 28: 324-329. Go to original source...
    15. Madyastha K.M., Krishna Murthy N.S.R. (1988b): Regiospecific hydroxylation of acyclic monoterpene alcohols by Aspergillus niger. Tetrahedron Letters, 29: 579-580. Go to original source...
    16. Massada Y. (1976): Analysis of Essential Oil by Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry. Wiley, New York.
    17. Ramaswami S.K., Briscese P., Gargiullo R., Vonngeldern T. (1998): In: Lawrence B.M., Mookerjee B.D., Willis B.J. (eds): Flavours and Fragrances. A World Perspective. Elsevier, Amsterdam: 951-953.
    18. Smith L. (1984): Steroids. In: Rehm, H.J., Reed G. (eds): Biotransformations. Kieslich K.: Biotechnology. 1st Ed. Verlag Chemic GmbH, Weinheim: 31-78.
    19. Speelmans G., Bijlsma A., Egglink G. (2008): Limonene bioconversion to high concentrations of a single and a stable product, perillic acid, by a solvent-resistant. Electronic Journal of Biotechnology, 12: 345-347.
    20. Velankar H.R., Heble R.H. (2003): Biotransformation of (l)-citronellal to (l)-citronellol by free and immobilized Rhodotorula minuta. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 6: 90-103. Go to original source...
    21. Werf M.J., Bont J.A.M., Leak D.J. (1997): Opportunities in monoterpene biotransformations. Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology, 5: 149-173. Go to original source...
    22. Wood J.B. (1969): Microbial fermentation of lower terpenoids. Process Biochemistry, 2: 50-52.

    This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY NC 4.0), which permits non-comercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.


    Return to the content