Czech J. Food Sci., 2006, 24(6):241-254 | DOI: 10.17221/3321-CJFS

Biosynthesis of food constituents: Lipids. 2. Triacylglycerols, glycerophospholipids, and glyceroglycolipids - a review

Jan Velíšek, Karel Cejpek
Department of Food Chemistry and Analysis, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology Prague, Prague, Czech Republic

This review article gives a survey of the principal biosynthetic pathways that lead to the most important food glycerolipids, i.e. triacylglycerols, glycerophospholipids, and glyceroglycolipids as reported in recently published papers. Glycerophospholipids are further subdivided to phosphatides, lysophosphatides, and plasmalogens. The subdivision of the topics is predominantly via biosynthesis. Reaction schemes, sequences, and mechanisms with the enzymes involved are extensively used as well as detailed explanations based on chemical principles and mechanisms.

Keywords: biosynthesis; lipids; homolipids; heterolipids; glycerolipids; triacylglycerols; glycerophospholipids; phosphatides; lysophosphatides; plasmalogens; glyceroglycolipids

Published: December 31, 2006  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Velíšek J, Cejpek K. Biosynthesis of food constituents: Lipids. 2. Triacylglycerols, glycerophospholipids, and glyceroglycolipids - a review. Czech J. Food Sci. 2006;24(6):241-254. doi: 10.17221/3321-CJFS.
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. AKOH C.C., MIN D.B. (1998): Food Lipids: Chemistry, Nutrition, and Biotechnology. Dekker, New York.
    2. BELITZ H.-D., GROSCH W., SCHIEBERLE P. (2004): Food Chemistry. 3rd Rev. Ed. Springer, Berlin. Go to original source...
    3. BUCCOLIERO R., FUTERMAN A.H. (2003): The roles of ceramide and complex sphingolipids in neuronal cell function. Pharmacological Research, 47: 409-419. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    4. CINQUE B., DI MARZIO L., CENTI C., DI ROCCO C., RICCARDI C., CIFONE M.G. (2003): Sphingolipids and the immune system. Pharmacological Research, 47: 421-437. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    5. COLOMBAIONI L., GARCIA-GIL M. (2004): Sphingolipid metabolites in neural signalling and function. Brain Research Reviews, 46: 328-355. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    6. DICKSON R.C., LESTER R.L. (1999): Yeast sphingolipids. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1426: 347-357. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    7. FAHY E., SUBRAMANIAM S., BROWN A., GLASS C.K., MERRIL A.H. Jr., MURPHY R.C., RAETZ C.R.H., RUSSELL D.W., SEYAMA Y., SHAW W., SHIMIZU T., SPENCER F., VAN MEER G., VAN NIEUWENHZE M.S., WHITE S.H., WITZTUM J.L., DENNIS E.A. (2005): A comprehensive classification system for lipids. Journal of Lipid Research, 46: 839-861. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    8. KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de.
    9. KELLY A.A., DÖRMANN P. (2004): Green light for galactolipid trafficking. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 7: 262-269. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    10. LEVADE T., ANDRIEU-ABADIE N., SÉGUI B., AUGÉ N., CHATELUT M., JAFFRÉZOU J.-P., SALVAYRE R. (1999): Sphingomyelin-degrading pathways in human cells: Role in cell signalling. Chemistry and Physics of Lipids, 102: 167-178. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    11. LIU G., KLEINE L., HÉBERT R.L. (1999): Advances in the signal transduction of ceramide and related sphingolipids. Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences, 36: 511-573. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    12. LOEWUS F.A., MURTHY P.P.N. (2000): myo-Inositol metabolism in plants. Plant Science, 150: 1-19. Go to original source...
    13. MEIJER H.J.G., MUNNIK T. (2003): Phospholipid-based signalling in plants. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 54: 265-306. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    14. MENALDINO D.S., BUSHNEV A., SUN A., LIOTTA D.C., SYMOLON H., DESAI K., DILLEHAY D.I., PENG Q., WANG E., ALLEGOOD J., TROTMAN-PRUETT S., SULLARDS M.C., MERRILL A.H. Jr. (2003): Sphingoid bases and de novo ceramide synthesis: enzymes involved, pharmacology and mechanisms of action. Pharmacological Research, 47: 373-381. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    15. MERRILL A.H. Jr., SCHMELZ E.M., DILLEHAY D.L., SPIEGEL S., SHAYMAN J.A., SCHROEDER J.J., RILEY R.T., VOSS K.A., WANG E. (2000): Sphingolipids - the enigmatic lipid class: biochemistry, physiology, and pathophysiology. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 142: 208-225. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    16. MUKHERJEE M. (2003): Human digestive and metabolic lipases - a brief review. Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic, 22: 369-376. Go to original source...
    17. MUNNIK T., IRVINE R.F., MUSGRAVE A. (1998): Phospholipid signalling in plants. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1398: 222-272. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    18. OHLROGGE J., BROWSE J. (1995): Lipid biosynthesis. Plant Cell, 7: 957-970. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    19. SPERLING P., HEINZ E. (2003): Plant sphingolipids: structural diversity, biosynthesis, first genes and functions. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1632: 1-15. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    20. VAN MEER G., HOLTHUIS J.C.M. (2000): Sphingolipid transport in eukaryotic cells. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1486: 145-170. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    21. VELÍŠEK J. (2002): Chemie potravin, 2. vydání. Ossis, Tábor.
    22. VELÍŠEK J., CEJPEK K. (2005): Biosynthesis of food constituents: saccharides. 1. Monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and related compounds - a review. Czech Journal of Food Sciences, 23: 129-144. Go to original source...
    23. VELÍŠEK J., CEJPEK K. (2006): Biosynthesis of food constituents: lipids. 1. Fatty acids and their derivatives - a review. Czech Journal of Food Sciences, 24: 193- 216. Go to original source...
    24. VOET D., VOET J.G. (1990): Biochemie. Victoria Publ., Praha.

    This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY NC 4.0), which permits non-comercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.


    Return to the content